Hub Aerodynamic Loads

Wind & Water Rotor Aerodynamics
1

Hi all,

I have a question about the hub loads that are output by AeroDyn:
RtAeroFxh, RtAeroFyh, RtAeroFzh, RtAeroMxh, RtAeroMyh, RtAeroMzh

Are these loads relative to the inertial reference frame?
If not what transformation should I apply to get loads in the inertial reference frame?

I see that in AeroDyn_IO.f90 (Calc_WriteOutput) the total hub load is accumulated by integration over the blades. Is this total force in the inertial reference frame? This total force is then transformed into the Hub system so I guess that the force relative to the inertial frame of reference could then be back calculated from the hub loads as folows:

tmp(1) = m%AllOuts( RtAeroFxh )
tmp(2) = m%AllOuts( RtAeroFyh )
tmp(3) = m%AllOuts( RtAeroFzh )
hub_force_in_inertial_axis_system = matmul( transpose(u%HubMotion%Orientation(:,:,1)), tmp)

Is this correct?

Thanks in advance,
Aonghus

2

Dear Aonghus,

AeroDyn outputs RtAeroFxh/RtAeroFyh/RtAeroFzh/RtAeroMxh/RtAeroMyh/RtAeroMzh are expressed in the hub coordinate system, not the inertial rame.

Your calculation of hub_force_in_inertial_axis_system is correct, but variable m%HubLoad%force that is already calculated in AeroDyn_IO.f90 as a step toward calculating RtAeroFxh/RtAeroFyh/RtAeroFzh is already in the inertial frame, so, you don’t need to derive the inertial frame value from RtAeroFxh/RtAeroFyh/RtAeroFzh. That is, you could write hub_force_in_inertial_axis_system = m%HubLoad%force.

Best regards,

3

Thanks for that Jason

Looking at the source code:

   ! integrate force/moments over blades by performing mesh transfer to hub point:
   force  = 0.0_ReKi
   moment = 0.0_ReKi
   do k=1,p%NumBlades
      call Transfer_Line2_to_Point( y%BladeLoad(k), m%HubLoad, m%B_L_2_H_P(k), ErrStat2, ErrMsg2, u%BladeMotion(k), u%HubMotion )
      force  = force  + m%HubLoad%force( :,1)
      moment = moment + m%HubLoad%moment(:,1)
   end do

it appears that m%HubLoad%force and m%HubLoad%moment are recalculated for each blade. At the end of the loop only the last blade load is stored in the hub load object. Not sure that these variables are actually used anywhere though so not a big problem I think.

Best wishes, Aonghus

4

Hi all,
I have a question about whether the wind load on hub and nacelle is considered in AeroDyn module? from the documentation of OpenFAST and source code, I didn’t find somewhere mention it.
Thanks!

5

Dear @TianCheng.Yao,

Nacelle drag has been added recently to AeroDyn through the following pull request: Adding nacelle drag to AeroDyn by mayankchetan · Pull Request #2358 · OpenFAST/openfast · GitHub available now in the dev branch of OpenFAST and to be included in the upcoming release of OpenFAST v4 due out soon.

Hub drag is not currently considered by AeroDyn.

Best regards,

6

Thanks for that Jason, and do you know if the hub drag is considered in Bladed? If yes, is hub drag included in the results of “hub stationary Fx” or considered in another way?

7

I can’t comment on the details of Bladed.